Procedure Text

Procedure 

Definition of Procedure

Procedure is a text that show a process in order. Its social function is to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of series

Generic Structure of Procedure

1. Goal: showing the purpose

2. Material: Telling the needed materials

3. Step 1-end: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose

Language Feature of Procedure

· Using temporal conjunction

· Using action verb

· Using imperative sentence

· Using Simple Present Tense

 procedureis kind of text which teaches on how to make something completely. Procedure text is dominantly structured with imperative sentence since it actually an instruction. Procedure text usually explain the ingredient or material which is need, though sometime it is omitted, after that procedure text will explain step by step how to make the thing. See the following example of procedure text!
 

Example :

CONTOH PROCEDURE TEXT - NASI GORENG "FRIED RICE"

Nasi goreng, "fried rice" is a familiar food from Indonesia; if you want to know how to prepare nasi goreng this is the procedure how to make nasi goreng. Just follow this explanation :

Ingredients :

• 350 gr. Long Grain Rice
• 2 Tbs. Vegetable Oil
• 3 Eggs
• 1 Onion
• 2 Green Chillis, Sambal Ulek or Sambal Badjak.
• 1 Garlic Clove
• 1 Leek
• 1 teaspoon Ground Coriander
• 1 teaspoon Ground Cumin
• 250 gr. Chicken meat
• 250 gr. Shelled Prawns
• 3 Tbs. Kecap Manis

Steps :

This dish is best made from cold leftover rice, but you can cook a fresh batch and leave it to cool for at least 4 hours. Beat the eggs and make into a omelette, slice into strips and set aside. Heat the oil in a wok or large frying pan. Add the chopped onion, leek, garlic and chillis. Fry until the onion is soft. Add the Coriander and Cumin. Slice Chicken into strips and add with the prawns to the onion mixture and cook, stirring occasionally until they are well mixed. Add the rice, soya sauce and omelet strips and cook for a further 5 minutes.Decorate with some of the leftover leek and serve hot. Enjoy.

Narative Text

  Narative Text

 

1.      The Purpose of Narrative Text

The purpose of narrative text is to amuse or entertain the readers.

Narratives deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn a resolution.

 

2.      The Generic Structure (Parts) of Narrative Text

 

There are three parts of narrative text, those are:

1)     Orientation

It sets the scene and introduces the participants of the story.

2)     Complication

It shows when the crisis arises.

3)     Resolution

It shows when the crisis is resolved, for a better or worse condition.

 

Note:

The structure of narratives occurs in the text variously. A text may have only one complication and resolution, but another text may have more than one complication and resolution.

 

 

3.      The grammatical features of narratives

 

There are some grammatical features of narratives, those are:

1)     Use of adjectives to build noun groups to describe the people, animals, or things in the story, such as …. a nice, diligent and kind-hearted man;

2)     Use of time connectives and conjunctions to sequence events through time, such as however, although, later, then;

3)     Use of adverbs and adverbial phrases to locate the particular events, such asonce upon a time, long time ago;

4)     Use of past tenses, such as Aji Saka went to the kingdom, measured the size of the turban ….;

5)     Use of action verbs to indicate the actions, such as fleed, explained, provided, smashed; and

6)     Use of saying and thinking verbs to indicate what characters are feeling, thinking, or saying, such as told, realized, decided.

 

Example : 

 

The Legend of Toba Lake 

Once upon time, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara Guru Sahala. He liked fishing. One day, he caught a fish. He was surprised to find out that the fish could talk. The fish begged him to set it free.

Batara Guru could not bear it. He made the fish free. As soon as it was free, the fish changed into a very beautiful woman. She attracted Batara Guru so much. He felt in love with that fish-woman. The woman wanted to marry with him and said that Batara Guru had to keep the secret which she had been a fish. Batara Guru aggreed and promised that he would never tell anybody about it.

They were married happily. They had two daughters. One day Batara Guru got very angry with his daughter. He could not control his mad. He shouted angrily and got the word of fish to his daugters. The daughters were crying. They found their mother and talked her about it.

The mother was very annoyed. Batara Guru broke his promise. The mother was shouting angrily. Then the earth began to shake. Volcanoes started to erupt. The earth formed a very big hole. People believed that the big hole became a lake. Then this lake is known as Toba lake.

 

 

Giving Instruction

Giving Instruction

 

1.      The Definition of Giving Instruction

Giving instruction is an expression that used to give or ask somebody to do something that what we want. Giving instruction same with imperative sentence.

 2.      Forms of Giving Instruction

There are two form of giving instruction, those are:

1)     Command

There are some giving instruction in command form that usually we use in the dialy life, those are:

Verb + object

• Examples:
• Watch out, come here.
• Eat your meal.
• Switch off the phone in class.
• Please + verb + object
• Examples:
• Please clean your room now.
• Please wash your hand first.
• Please press the button gently.
• Please read the rules first.
• Please read the direction for use first.

Verb + object + please

• Examples:
• Wash this towel, please.
• Sit down, please.
• Close the window, please.
• Open the door, please.
• Remove the pan from the heat, please.

Be + adjective

• Examples:
• Be yourself.
• Be a good boy/girl.
• Be strong.
• Be happy.
• Be polite.
• Be careful.
• Be gentle.

 2)     Prohibition

There are some giving instruction in prohibition form that usually we use in the dialy life, those are:

Don’t + verb infinitive without to

• Examples:
• Don’t eat the fried chicken in the cupboard.
• Don’t close it!
• Don’t open the door!
• Don’t eat that!
• Don’t approach!
• Don’t disturb me now!
• Don’t touch my hand!

Don’t + be + adjective

• Examples:
• Don’t be noisy.
• Don’t be lazy.
• Don’t + verb + object + please
• Examples:
• Don’t close the window, please.
• Don’t make me sad anymore, please.
• Don’t treat me bad, please.

Would you mind not + verb-ing + object

• Examples:
• Would you mind not reading my diary.
• Would you mind not enter my room.
• Would you mind not use my gadget.

No + verb-ing

• Examples:
• No smoking!
• No swimming!
• No parking.
• No fishing.

 example:

Calculating the standard deviation

First, put the scores in order down the page.
Then, work out the mean.
Now calculate how much each deviates from the mean.
Next, square each of these deviations.
Add them all up.
Now divide by the number of scores.
Lastly find the square root.
This is the standard deviation.

Giving Attention

Giving Attention

1.      The Definition of Gaining Attention

Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want to.

2.      Expressions We Can Use to Ask Other People Attention

 Here are some expressions we can use to ask aother people attention.

1)     Attention, please!

2)     May/can I have your attention, please?

3)     Look!

4)     Look here!

5)     Excuse me!

6)     Excuse me, look here!

7)     Listen to me, please.

8)     Waiter?

9)     I’m sorry, but ….

10)Wow, really?

11)Excuse me, look here, please.

12)I’m listening.

 

Example : 

 Some of the examples by which you can showcase your keen attention to detail to the interviewer are:
1. Talk about job role specifications and try understanding the deliverables. Ask questions.
2. Try exhibiting your knowledge about the organization, the teams involved, the current market scenario and how the organization is trying to tackle the situations.
Lack of attention to detail
Lack of attention to detail is not really a good trait.
In fact, it is something that most of the employers look down upon. After all, no one wants to hire a lazy bum who pays no attention to details!
How to improve attention to details
Anyone can improve his/her attention to details. All that is required is an intent and focus to achieve it. Perhaps, the best way to develop the trait is to start paying attention to things around you

10)Wow, really?

11)Excuse me, look here, please.

Advertisement

Advertisement

The definition of Advertisement:

Advertisement is promotion of goods, services, companies, and ideas that must be paid by a sponsor.

Function of Advertisement:

•          Promotion

•          Communication

•          Information

Language of Advertisement:

•          Using the correct or suitable words

•          Using positive expression

•          Using the interesting and suggestive expression

•          Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals

In making Advertisement, keep the following points:

•          The contents of advertisement must objective and honest

•          Short and clean

•          Does not allude other group or producer

•          Use word that polite and logical

•          Attract attention

Kinds of Advertisement:

•          Family advertisement

Appointment

Appointment

1.      The Definition of Appointment 

Appointment is a kind of expression which is used to conduct an appointment.

2.      Expressions We Can Use to Make and Accept an Appointment

Here are some expressions we can use to make and accept an appointment.

Making an Appointment

1)     Will you pick me up at ….? (example: tomorrow morning 2 p.m.)

2)     What if we go ….? (examples: cycling on car free day next Sunday, swimming this afternoon)

3)     Will you go out with me ….? (example: tonight)

4)     I’ll go to …. (example: your house at 3 p.m.). It’s all right?

5)     I’d like to make an appointment with …. (examples: you, him, her)

6)     I want to make an appointment to see …. (examples: my dentist, my private teacher)

7)     I’d like you to come and see me.

8)     Can we meet at …. (examples: Kitchen Restaurant, Aquarius Hotel)

9)     Can I come and see you?

10)   What about …. (example: tomorrow afternoon at 4 p.m.)

Accepting an Appointment

1)     Okay. I’ll be there on time.

2)     No problem. I’m free …. (examples: on Sunday, at that day, at that time)

3)     Sure, I love it.

4)     Good idea.

5)     Definitely!

6)     All right, see you there.

7)     It is a deal.

8)     Sure.

9)     Why not?

3.      Expressions We Can Use to Cancel an Appointment

Here are some expressions we can use to cancel an appointment.

Cancel an Appointment

1)     I’m sorry. I can’t meet you today. I have to see my dentist. Can we reschedule?

2)     We’re terribly sorry we have to cancel our appointment. Mr. Tanaka’s flight is delayed for two hours.

3)     I’m afraid I have to put off put appointment because I have an urgent business to do.

4)     Sorry. I can’t meet you this weekend since I have another appointment.

5)     Sorry, I can’t meet you tomorrow. I’m busy at that day.

 

Example : 

 

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← Telephone Messages- gambits Mid-Term test preview →

Telephone Appointments – example

March 4, 2010 · No Comments · teacher notes

MAKING AN APPOINTMENT

Trine Mork speaking.
	Good morning Ms. Mork. This is Tetsuya Moriya from Morgan International calling.
Good morning Mr. Moriya.  How are you?
	I’m very well thank-you.  And you?
I’m just fine.  What can I do for you Mr. Moriya?
	I’m manager of the Training Division of Morgan International, and I’m calling to find out if we could meet to talk about an English Intensive course for our sales personnel.
I’d be very happy to talk to you.  When is good for you?
	Well, I’d like to meet as soon as possible.  Would this Friday be possible?
Let me check my schedule …. I’m afraid I’m tied up in the morning, but anytime after lunch is fine.
	Good.  How about 2:30. Would an hour be enough time?
An hour should be enough. 2:30 is fine.  Where exactly is your office Mr. Moriya?
	We’re on the 18th floor of the Arabesque Plaza Building, just outside Exit 7 of Toranomom Station on the Ginza Line.
Great.  So I’ll see you in your office at 2:30 this Friday, the 24th.
	Good. I’m looking forward to meeting you, Ms. Mork.
I’m looking forward to meeting you.  Good-bye.
	Good-bye.

CHANGING AN APPOINTMENT

Tetsuya Moriya.
	Good morning Mr. Moriya.  This is Trine Mork from Sumikin-Intercom speaking.
Hello Ms. Mork.  How are you?
	I’m fine.  I’m calling about our appointment on Friday.  I’m very sorry, but something has come up at the last minute, and I have to go to Osaka on Thursday and Friday.  Could we change our appointment to next week?
Certainly.  When is convenient?
	Well, I’m free Monday morning.
I’m in meetings all day Monday.  What about Tuesday morning?
	Tuesday morning would be fine.  How about 10:30?
That’s fine.
	Good.  I’ll be in your office at 10:30 on Tuesday, the 27th.  Again, I apologize for the change.
No problem.  I understand.
	Good.  See you next week then.
See you next week.  Good-bye.
	Good-bye.

 

Greeting

GREETING

Greeting is an act of communication in which human beings (as well as other animals) intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other. While greeting customs are highly culture- and situation-specific and may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship, they exist in all known human cultures. Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other than gestures.
Greetings are often, but not always, used just prior to a conversation.
Some epochs and cultures have had very elaborate greeting rituals, e.g., greeting of a king.
Secret societies have clandestine greeting rituals that allow members to recognize common membership.
     
     A greeting can consist of an exchange of formal expression, a simple kiss, a hand shake or a hug. The form of greeting is determined by social etiquette, as well as by the relationship of the people.
Beyond the formal greeting, which may involve a verbal acknowledgment and sometimes a hand shake, facial expression, gestures, body language and eye contact can all signal what type of greeting is expected. Gestures are the most obvious signal, for instance greeting someone with open arms is generally a sign that a hug is expected.^[1] However, crossing arms can be interpreted as a sign of hostility. Facial expression, body language and eye contact reflect emotions and interest level. A frown, slouching and lowered eye contact suggests disinterest, while smiling and an exuberant attitude is a sign of welcome.
   Throughout all cultures people greet one another as a sign of recognition, affection, friendship and reverence. While hand shakes, hugs, bows, nods and nose rubbing are all acceptable greetings, the most common greeting is a kiss, or kisses, on the cheek. Cheek kissing is most common in Europe and Latin America and has become a standard greeting in Southern Europe.^[2]
While cheek kissing is a common greeting in many cultures, each country has a unique way of kissing. In Russia, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, the Netherlands and Egypt it is customary to “kiss three times, on alternate cheeks.”^[3] Italians & Hungarians usually kiss twice in a greeting and in Mexico and Belgium only one kiss is necessary. In the Galapagos women kiss on the right cheek only^[4] and in Oman it is not unusual for men to kiss one another on the nose after a handshake.^[5] French culture accepts a number of ways to greet depending on the region. Two kisses are most common throughout all of France but in Provence three kisses are given and in Nantes four are exchanged.^[6] However, in Finistère at the western tip of Brittany and Deux-Sèvres in the Poitou-Charentes region, one kiss is preferred. ^[7]
     
Greeting is a short sentence used when we meet someone.

 Example of Greeting :

Mr Bean: Good morning, Mrs Breuer. Mrs Breuer: Good morning, Mr Bean. How are you? Mr Bean: I'm fine thanks, and you? Mrs Breuer: Not too bad. Mr Bean, this is my husband Michael, Michael this is Mr Bean my English teacher. Mr Breuer: Pleased to meet you. Mr Bean: Pleased to meet you too. Are you from Germany, Mr Breuer? Mr Breuer: Yes, East Germany, from Dresden. And you, are you from London? Mr Bean: No, I'm from Derby, but I live in London now. Mrs Breuer: Well, goodbye Mr Bean, it was nice to see you. Mr Bean: Yes, goodbye.